George Foreman Grill Recipes » Test

Test Management System

Garret — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 09:10:01 +0000

Test Management System

Test design and procedure development
At the test design stage, testers will create a description of each test, document its scope and objective, and include any information that helps illustrate the purpose of a specific test such as requirements documents, functional specifications, etc. During the test development phase, testers will document detailed test execution steps and define the expected results for each step. The test management system will help in defining and documenting test cases by providing standard Web-based, pre-formatted template forms with fields based on the product and component information for editing and creating test cases. These get posted to the centralized database. This enables standardization and consistency across the testing team. It will also help in linking to the requirements specification to ensure traceability and test coverage. The test case may have been created due to a known defect and gets an association created with that defect. We can define the sequence in which test cases should be executed. This may be based on functional dependencies or some other factors like risk and other priority.

Organization
To verify application functionality and usability, tests have to realistically emulate end-user behavior. To achieve this, test execution should follow predefined logic, such as running certain tests after other tests have passed, failed, or been completed. For example, a user logs into the system, enters a new order and then exits the system. To emulate this simple business process, it makes sense to run the tests following the exact same sequence: log in, insert order, log out. The execution logic rules should be set prior to executing the actual tests.

Review
Once the test cases have been created, we can get them reviewed by required team members and customers. It is easy to communicate the test cases to the team because of the Web interface. This will verify the test cases developed by the test team and improve them further if required before actual testing begins.

Execution
The test cases can be accessed from any computer over the intranet/Internet, depending on how the test management tool is deployed. The test management system will help in locating a test case and provide a Web interface to process the test case. As the test is processed, the tester can immediately log the actual results along with pass/fail results and additional comments. The Web-based process supports parallel execution of test cases by many team members, which is not possible with a single flat file that gets “routed” around. If the test ever fails, it has an associated defect number which the tester can look at to see if a previous defect report should be opened, or a new one created. This helps to ensure that nothing falls through the cracks.

Maintenance
The test management system will maintain an accurate history of each run, including execution configuration, date and time of run, who ran the test, and any defects that were uncovered during the run.

Defect management
When a test case fails, the tester can enter the ID of the defect that caused the case to fail. The defect is, of course, inserted into the defect tracking system. The defect can be linked with the test cases. This will provide information to reproduce and analyze the defects.

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Driving Theory Test Books and CD – Latest Edition Driving Theory Test Books and CD

Garret — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 13:07:29 +0000

Grab a deal at lowest possible prices at 123discountshop.com. Get a set of three new lastest edition of driving theory test book, the highway code book, practical test book along with a driving theory test CD ROM at lowest prices.

2009 Latest DSA Driving theory test questions for car drivers (Book)

Passing driving theory test is an important step toward throwing away your L plates. It is necessary to pass driving theory test before applying for practical test. If you are preparing for your driving theory test, it is important that you study all the latest official theory test questions published by DSA.

We are crown copyright licence holder for publishing driving theory test questions from DSA.

This book contains entire 2009 official theory test questions and answers from Driving Standards Agency.

This book covers

This is a complete official latest DSA driving theory test question bank from which actual exam questions are chosen.
Know exactly what to expect in exam so no surprises.
Multiple choice question bank with new questions released, with answers at the bottom of each page
Set of official car driving theory test questions that could be asked in your actual exam
Includes mock test papers
Includes key information for all learner drivers.

The Highway Code – Complete and updated (Book)

The Highway Code is essential reading for everyone.
This is very useful to know road/traffic signs, rule and regulations if you are preparing for your driving theory test or practical test.

The most vulnerable road users are pedestrians, particularly children, older or disabled people, cyclists, motorcyclists and horse riders. It is important that all road users are aware of the Code and are considerate towards each other. This applies to pedestrians as much as to drivers and riders.
Knowing and applying the rules contained in The Highway Code could significantly reduce road casualties. Cutting the number of deaths and injuries that occur on our roads every day is a responsibility we all share. The Highway Code can help us discharge that responsibility.

Latest 2009 DSA Driving theory, hazard perception test – Car and motorcycle (PC CD-ROM)

LATEST Valid for DSA theory tests taken after 1st Sept 2008
If you are preparing for your driving theory test, it is important that you study all the latest official theory test questions published by DSA. We are crown copyright licence holder for publishing driving theory test questions from DSA.

Theory test (multiple choice questions) features :

Latest 2009 DSA official driving theory test questions and answers for car and bike.
Access complete official latest DSA driving theory test questions bank from which actual exam questions are chosen. Know exactly what to expect in exam so no surprises!
Solve unlimited random mock tests with different questions every time.
Get ready for your big day!
Progress monitor, review complex questions. Try our unique study pattern and you just can’t fail.
See all preparation statistics, see where you are getting wrong and how many times.
Improve your weak areas/skills, graphical progress monitor

Hazard perception test features

Includes interactive hazard perception clips
Over 70+ interactive hazard perception practice clips, including official DSA practice clips, tips and hints, scoring mechanism demonstration graphics

Bonus features

Latest The Highway Code rules and regulations with road and traffic signs

Driving practical test :

Show me tell me questions
Interactive driving test manoeuvres

Detailed advice on how to pass your DSA practical test
Eager to drive on the road? What you need to know about driving on the road.

Latest edition Pass your DSA driving practical test – Throw away your L plates (Book)

If you are preparing for your DSA practical test, this book is for you.

This book covers

Explained with The Highway Code rules
Know what will be assessed on exam day
Fully illustrated, full colour graphics
Includes DSA driver record – Check your readiness for the exam
What is expected and how you should do it?
Graphic illustration of driving test manoeuvres
Know why learners fail in the test

Easy to follow tips and hints

Detailed advice and tips on how to improve key competencies necessary for safe driving
Know what to expect on your driving test day
Know how examiner will assess your performance
Areas where you need to demonstrate consistent independent performance
Why learners fail?

Also includes drivers record -

The record is based on the official learning to drive syllabus and lists all the skills you need to drive safely. It will help you to
- See how you are progressing and identify the skills that need more attention.
- Keep track of your progress and encourage you to become skilled in all the key areas.
- Prepare for your practical test and become a safer driver.

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Choosing the Right Psychometric Test

Garret — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 08:07:26 +0000

Human resource professionals are unlikely to need any convincing that the use of psychometric tests as an aid to employee selection and development is probably at an all time high.

The increase in the use of aptitude and personality tests in the workplace is a positive thing provided the tests are chosen and used properly.

This article discusses what decision-makers should look for in order to be confident they are making the right test choice.

The Hong Kong website of an employee testing system that is marketed worldwide claims:

“Really, what is the most effective way to evaluate the reliability and validity of any assessment tests so to help us to know exactly how to find the right productive people with certainty and predictability without any catastrophe in hiring any wrong people who simply look good?”

“The most workable and effective answer of the above questions is simply to TEST THE PEOPLE YOU KNOW VERY WELL; then you know which assessment test can be valid and reliable to use!”

This perspective is fundamentally flawed. It appears that the person who wrote it has no more understanding of tests than the average HR executive who wants to understand more and is looking to this article to assist them!

Many laypersons might assume that you can assess the validity of a test by self-completing it and/or asking somebody they know well to do likewise.

Obviously, the assumption is that we know ourselves well and so if the test report provides an accurate reflection of the self that we know, it “must” be valid.

However, research shows us that individuals make flawed assessments of test reports.

In one research study, human resource professionals attending a conference were asked to complete a personality test. Following this, they were given a randomly generated narrative report. They were NOT told that it had been randomly generated and were

asked to evaluate its accuracy.

90% of the respondents agreed that the report was either amazingly accurate or very accurate (remember, the report was randomly generated).

It’s partly for reasons such as the above that various worldwide psychological societies and academics have suggested that we assess at least 4 types of validity when evaluating tests.

Validity refers to whether or not the test is fit for purpose (i.e., does it measure what it is supposed to measure or can it predict something that is meaningful, such as performance?).

Let’s have a look at these important aspects of test validity:

Face Validity: Here, we simply ask if the questions in the test look like they are measuring what the test purports to measure.

If I claim my test assesses numerical reasoning and you don’t see any numerical data in the questions, you would doubt it has face validity.

Assessing this type of validity is somewhat subjective and so it is considered to be the lowest level of validity.

Content Validity: We need to know whether the test questions are sufficiently representative of all of the possible questions that could assess the construct we are interested in.

For example, if we want to assess conscientiousness, but my test simply asks questions that relate to your preference for following rules (only one aspect of conscientiousness), my test is unlikely to have content validity.

Construct Validity: You may have decided that your face-to-face salesperson must have a high level of self-confidence. If you are considering using an assessment of self-confidence to assist in your hiring decision, you’ll need to evaluate whether the test really does assess the construct of self-confidence that it claims to measure.

The best way to do this is to look in the publisher’s manual for the test and find evidence that the publisher has correlated scores on this test with scores on established tests of the same construct.

This aspect of validity is cited as one of the two most important. It is however somewhat technical as numbers are involved. It is better understood following training in the test or psychometric assessment generally.

Criterion Validity: This evidence is less easy to obtain than construct validity evidence, however it is also cited as one of the two most important areas of validity.

Here we need to link scores on our test with performance. So, to take the above example again, one would expect scores on self-confidence to predict face-to-face sales performance. If they do, our test has criterion-validity.

Again, the HR professional would look to the publisher’s manual for evidence rather than carrying out the study themselves.

So, in terms of validity at least, evaluating and choosing the right test is a lot more complex than simply completing the test yourself or handing it to your colleague! Now we turn to reliability.

Reliability refers to the consistency with which a test assesses the construct of interest.

Simply put, if I were to test you today and you scored 6 and tomorrow you scored 12, ignoring practice effects, we might suggest there is something wrong with the test!

A more practical example would be the faith that you might place in a tape measure…if you measure the length of a table today and tomorrow and get different

results, you know something is wrong. The measurement is inconsistent and so it is not reliable.

Reliability is vital for a test because if a test lacks consistency of measurement it can never be valid!

No test is 100% reliable, just like no method of assessment is 100% reliable. Factors related to the test itself (such as ambiguous questions), the respondent (such as mood or exposure to tests) and the testing environment (such as noise and heat) can all impact upon the reliability of a test.

The website cited above stated that, as with validity, reliability is best assessed by having somebody you know complete the test! In fact, reliability is typically assessed by using the results of a sizable group of people, not just one or two people.

As with validity, there are a number of forms of reliability. Among them, internal consistency assesses the extent to which each question in the test is related to the overall scale score, whilst test-retest assesses the consistency of test scores over

time.

Reliability information should also be found in the publisher’s manual. If it is missing or inadequate, it raises serious doubts about the integrity of the test.

Most psychometric tests that are used in selection require the comparison of the candidate’s results to a group of similar others. This is how the score is made meaningful.

If I told you I scored 7/20 on extraversion, this would mean very little to you. You might ask me how other people who took the test scored.

It is therefore important that a test has been standardised on suitable groups of people – often referred to as a norm group.

One of our clients reported to us that she contacted the publisher making the claims above by email. She asked about reliability and validity of the test as well as whether or not local norms were available. She never received a reply, despite 3 reminder emails!

Additionally, if a test developed in one country is taken to another, it must go through a lengthy process of translation, validation and reliability checks.

Many people do not realise this and assume that a test can easily be transported from one country to another just by taking it to a professional translator. This is not true!

As the use of psychometric tests in selection and development continues to soar, the human resource professional will need an understanding of how to evaluate tests.

In Asia in particular, we are noticing an influx of test publishers and distributors.

However they are not always reputable and many do not have psychologists in the business at all! We have even heard of interested parties being told by publishers that validity information is protected and not available.

Worse still, one provider who has fairly recently headquartered in Hong Kong and is expanding throughout Asia claims that the founder has a PhD from a US university, yet when a client of ours contacted the university, he was informed that they have no record of the founder’s PhD!

The publisher referred to at the top of this article, states:

“Instead of using “years” to really know the person followed with all kinds of risk, you can depend on our test to instantly know the person.”

Whilst well designed, tested and validated assessments do provide extensive information on respondents that cannot be reliably and validly obtained using other less scientific methods, no reputable test publisher or distributor will claim their test can assist you to “instantly know the person”.

In fact, it is imperative to schedule a feedback session with your respondent following personality testing to ensure that the profile you have for your respondent is valid. These sessions aim to elicit behavioural evidence from the respondent.

Even after this exercise, the test user does not “know the person”. They will rather have a good understanding of the individual which will assist them in their selection and placement decision.

Psychometric tests are thus useful tools in selection and development. They have their limitations however.

With the growth of the industry and the adoption of test businesses by non-psychologists, it is in the interest of the test purchaser/HR professional to ensure they are suitably keyed up on how to evaluate the tests being marketed to them rather than blindly accepting strongly marketed but non-supported claims about tests.

For those in Asia interested in finding out more about the above, PsyAsia International will be running a two-hour seminar in Hong Kong and Singapore in January 2008. Please visit the PsyAsia website (see below) and click on “HR Seminar Series” for further details and registration.

Note on author’s authority in this area:

The author is a doctoral-level registered organisational psychologist (Australia and Hong Kong). He has been delivering training in psychometric assessment that leads to the British Psychological Society’s Certificates of Competence in Occupational Testing for over 10 years.

His research in psychometric test validity has been recognised by the British Psychological Society with an award for Scientific Contribution to Occupational Psychology.

He has published his psychometric validation research in peer-reviewed international journals and he has reviewed related papers for the Society for Industrial & Organizational Psychology (USA).

His MSc research studied the link between personality and well-being/stress disorders in ambulance crews, whilst his PhD research investigated the validity of personality theory and questionnaires for the prediction of work performance in the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

He has significant experience in testing, working with multi-national companies worldwide as well as working with the Governments of Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR,

Malaysia, Singapore and the UAE.

Dr. Graham Tyler is an award-winning registered organizational psychologist and executive director of PsyAsia International, an HR training, consulting and assessment organization with offices in Hong Kong and Singapore, and clients globally. Visit PsyAsia at http://www.psyasia.com
and http://www.psychometricassessment.com.

Before Thinking About Driving Theory Test, Practical Test

Garret — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 03:08:48 +0000

Minimum ages and rules

You can take your theory test once your provisional licence becomes valid.

Normally, for car drivers, the earliest date your provisional licence can become valid is your 17th birthday, however you can apply for the licence up to three months before your 17th birthday.

So, if you apply for your provisional licence before you are 17 you will still have to wait until your birthday before you can take your theory test.

Disability living allowance

If you are receiving disability living allowance at the higher rate your provisional licence will come into effect when you are 16, but you can apply for it within three months of your 16th birthday.

Motorcyclists Direct access scheme

Direct access is a scheme, which allows a person over the age of 21 to avoid the two year/25 kW restriction by taking a test on a machine of at least 35 kW (46.6 bhp). A pass allows you to ride any size of bike. Any instruction given on a machine that exceeds the normal learner motorcycle specification must be supervised at all times by a certified motorcycle instructor who should be in radio contact. You should also wear fluorescent or reflective clothing and follow all other provisional licence restrictions.

Accelerated access

Riders who reach the age of 21, while still within the two year period where they are restricted to maximum 25 kW (33 bhp) machines, but who wish to ride larger bikes need to pass a further test on a motorcycle of at least 35 kW (46.6 bhp). They may practise on bikes over 25 kW (33 bhp) under the same practice conditions for direct access riders. You will revert to learner status while practising (on a motorcycle greater than 25 kW (33 bhp) although test failure will not affect your existing licence.

Mopeds and tractors

If you want to ride a moped you can take your theory test when you are 16, but again you must make sure you have a valid provisional licence. If you are 16 and already have a provisional licence for an agricultural vehicle or a moped, this will give you provisional entitlement to drive a car when you are 17.

Rules for learner drivers

Before you start to drive, you must:

• Hold a valid, provisional driving licence for Great Britain or Northern Ireland

• Make sure that any vehicle you drive is roadworthy and properly taxed and insured

• If you want to practise your driving with an accompanying driver, the accompanying driver must be over the age of 21 and must have held (and still hold) a full licence for three years.

• As a learner driver, you must display ‘L’ plates (‘L’ or ‘D’ plates in Wales) in a conspicuous position on the front and rear of the vehicle you are driving.

• You’re limited to less powerful motorbikes.

Apply for provisional license

If you have never held a driving licence before you will need to apply for a provisional licence. You cannot start to drive a car until your provisional driving licence has been accepted and in your possession.

About driving theory test

Preparing for your theory test is essential if you want to become a safe, responsible driver or rider. If you are a learner driver, you must take and pass your theory test before you book your practical test. The theory test is a computer based test and can be taken at various tests centres around the country.

Passing your driving theory test is your first step towards being a safe driver on the road.

DSA driving theory test consists of two elements:

A. Multiple choice questions

This section is designed to tests your understanding of the theory behind driving. There is a 15-minute practice session you can work through before starting the tests. There are 50 randomly selected, multiple-choice questions and you need to get at least 43 answers right to pass.

B. Hazard Perception Test

This is the second section of the theory test and must be passed at the same time.

Hazard perception test is conducted to test the ability of learner drivers how they will respond to hazards on the road while driving. There are 14 videos, each about a minute long.

This section is designed to tests your awareness of potential hazards whilst driving.

The videos feature various types of hazard, such as road conditions, vehicles and pedestrians. The earlier you spot a hazard developing that may require the driver to take some action, the higher the score.

There are 15 scoreable hazards in the tests and candidates can score up to 5 points on each hazard. The pass mark is 44 out of 75.

Preparing for your theory test

We recommend you to study following -

? The Highway Code -

The Highway Code is essential reading for everyone. Its rules apply to all road users: drivers, motorcyclists, cyclists, pedestrians as well as horse riders. It contains most up to date advice on road safety and the laws, which apply to all road users.

? Traffic signs -

It is important to know road signs and markings that you are most likely to encounter.

Driving Theory test questions -

Is a set of latest questions published by DSA from which the exam questions are taken. DSA may change questions time to time it is important that you study the books where latest questions are published.

Preparing for hazard perception test -

It is best to practice hazard perception skills on the computer if you have access to one. There are many websites and PC-CD ROMs in the market, using which you can practice your hazard perceptions skills.

About car practical test

The Driving Standards Agency (DSA) is now able to offer tests outside the normal test times at a number of test centres. This provides customers a wider range of appointments over an extended working day.

Practical tests are generally available at all permanent test centres. Saturday and weekday evening tests, subject to resources being available, are offered at a premium rate. Non premium rate tests are available at various times between 7.30 am and 3.27 pm Monday to Friday.

The driving part of your test lasts about 40 minutes. Throughout the test, your examiner will be looking for overall safe standards of driving, including when you are carrying out the set exercises. You can make up to 15 driving faults and still pass the test (16 or more results in failure). However, if you commit one serious or dangerous fault you will fail the test.

About motorcycle practical test

Minimum test vehicle requirements

Any vehicle presented for use in a driving test must meet minimum test vehicle standards. These standards are part of European Community legislation on driver licensing. Great Britain as a member of the European Union is obliged to comply with these requirements. Below are the minimum test vehicle requirements for mopeds and motorcycles.

Minimum test vehicle requirements for mopeds

A moped must have an engine capacity not exceeding 50 cc, and a maximum speed of 50 kilometres per hour (km/h), which is approximately equivalent to 31 miles per hour (mph). If first used before 1 August 1977, it must be equipped with pedals by which it can be propelled.

Minimum test vehicle requirements for motorcycles

If your motorcycle is less than 75 cc it is not acceptable for the practical motorcycle test. If you pass your practical test on a motorcycle with automatic or semi-automatic transmission, this will be recorded on your licence. Your full licence entitlement will be restricted to motorcycles in this category.

A light motorcycle (category A1) is defined as a solo motorcycle between 75 and 125 cc, with a power output not exceeding 11 kilowatts (kW) (maximum 14.6 brake horse power (bhp)). Please see note 1.

A standard motorcycle (category A) is defined as a solo motorcycle between 121 and 125 cc, capable of exceeding 100 km/h (62.5 mph). Please note that the BMW C1 motorcycle is not a suitable machine for a practical test. Please see note 2.

Vehicles used for the accelerated access and direct access scheme can have an unspecified engine capacity of at least 35 kW (46.6 bhp), with an unspecified speed. Please see note 3.

The minimum test vehicle requirements for a motorcycle and side-car are the same, as the solo machines, but categories A and A1 must not exceed a power to weight ratio of 0.16 kW/kg. Passengers are not allowed to ride in the sidecar during the test. Only candidates with certain disabilities can use a motorcycle and side-car combination for the test. The licence obtained as a result of this test will be restricted to this combination of vehicle.

Notes:

A light motorcycle licence (category A1) will give you full licence entitlement to ride machines up to 125 cc with a power output of up to 11 kW.

A standard motorcycle licence (category A) will restrict you for a period of two years to riding machines with a power output not exceeding 25 kW and a power/weight ratio not exceeding 0.16 kW/kg. After the two year period you may ride any motorcycle.

If you are aged 21 or over you can take the test on a motorcycle with a power output of at least 35 kW (46.6 bhp). If successful you can then ride any motorcycle.

The practical motorcycle test is made up of lots of different elements, an eyesight test, vehicle safety questions, a test of driving ability, a test of specific manoeuvre and a question about riding with a passenger.

At the test centre you must present a valid certificate DL196 unless the test is being conducted on one of the exempted islands. A rider who is upgrading a full moped licence obtained by passing a two part test since December 1990 is exempt.

Vehicle safety check questions and eyesight test

Before you actually start your practical riding test you will be asked to read a number plate to prove you can meet the eyesight requirements. You will also be asked two machine safety check questions before moving away.

The practical test

After the usual pre-test preliminaries e.g. licence and identification check the examiner will help the candidate with the fitting of the radio and earpiece.

While accompanying the candidate to the machine the examiner will explain how the test will be conducted and how the radio equipment works.

The law requires anyone riding a motorcycle, scooter or moped, with or without sidecar, to wear protective headgear securely fastened. The test cannot therefore be conducted unless the candidate is wearing properly secured protective headgear.

Note:

An exemption to this requirement exists for followers of the Sikh religion if they are wearing a turban.

At the end of the test

When the practical testis over, the examiner will tell you whether you passed or failed. You can request feedback on your test from the examiner, who will then go through your performance during the test.

If you pass…

If you pass and have a photocard driving licence issued after 1 March 2004, the examiner will ask you,if you want your full driving licence issued to you automatically. If you want to use this service, the examiner will take your old licence off you, scan the details and send them electronically to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA). You will then be given a pass certificate to prove you passed your test. DVLA will then send you your new full licence by post within three weeks of you passing your practical test.

If you pass your test but do not want to use this automatic service, or have a licence issued before 1 March 2004, you will be given a pass certificate by the examiner. On the back of the pass certificate it tells you what you need to do next. This involves sending your licence to DVLA who will then check your application and issue you with a new full licence.

Once you pass your standard motorcycle test you are restricted to machines of 25 kW (33 bhp) with a power to weight ratio of 0.16 kW/kg for two years.

If you fail…

If you fail the test you should ask the examiner for some feedback to help prepare yourself for your next test. Your driving report form will also show you where you made any mistakes. You must wait 10 clear working days after your practical test before you can book another one.

Mahesh Ugale – SEO Expert – for
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Appearing for Driving Theory Test – Wait and Read This!!!!

Garret — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 22:07:56 +0000

Appearing For Driving Theory Test – Wait and Read This!!!!

Minimum ages and rules

You can take your theory test once your provisional licence becomes valid.

Normally, for car drivers, the earliest date your provisional licence can become valid is your 17th birthday, however you can apply for the licence up to three months before your 17th birthday.

So, if you apply for your provisional licence before you are 17 you will still have to wait until your birthday before you can take your theory test.

Disability living allowance

If you are receiving disability living allowance at the higher rate your provisional licence will come into effect when you are 16, but you can apply for it within three months of your 16th birthday.

Motorcyclists Direct access scheme

Accelerated access

Mopeds and tractors

Rules for learner drivers

Before you start to drive, you must:

• Hold a valid, provisional driving licence for Great Britain or Northern Ireland

• Make sure that any vehicle you drive is roadworthy and properly taxed and insured

• If you want to practise your driving with an accompanying driver, the accompanying driver must be over the age of 21 and must have held (and still hold) a full licence for three years.

• As a learner driver, you must display ‘L’ plates (‘L’ or ‘D’ plates in Wales) in a conspicuous position on the front and rear of the vehicle you are driving.

• You’re limited to less powerful motorbikes.

Apply for provisional license

About driving theory test

Passing your driving theory test is your first step towards being a safe driver on the road.

DSA driving theory test consists of two elements:

A. Multiple choice questions

B. Hazard Perception Test

This is the second section of the theory test and must be passed at the same time.

Hazard perception test is conducted to test the ability of learner drivers how they will respond to hazards on the road while driving. There are 14 videos, each about a minute long.

This section is designed to tests your awareness of potential hazards whilst driving.

There are 15 scoreable hazards in the tests and candidates can score up to 5 points on each hazard. The pass mark is 44 out of 75.

Preparing for your theory test

We recommend you to study following -

? The Highway Code -

? Traffic signs -

It is important to know road signs and markings that you are most likely to encounter.

? Driving Theory test questions -

Preparing for hazard perception test -

About car practical test

About motorcycle practical test

Minimum test vehicle requirements

Minimum test vehicle requirements for mopeds

Minimum test vehicle requirements for motorcycles

A light motorcycle (category A1) is defined as a solo motorcycle between 75 and 125 cc, with a power output not exceeding 11 kilowatts (kW) (maximum 14.6 brake horse power (bhp)). Please see note 1.

Vehicles used for the accelerated access and direct access scheme can have an unspecified engine capacity of at least 35 kW (46.6 bhp), with an unspecified speed. Please see note 3.

Notes:

A light motorcycle licence (category A1) will give you full licence entitlement to ride machines up to 125 cc with a power output of up to 11 kW.

If you are aged 21 or over you can take the test on a motorcycle with a power output of at least 35 kW (46.6 bhp). If successful you can then ride any motorcycle.

Vehicle safety check questions and eyesight test

The practical test

After the usual pre-test preliminaries e.g. licence and identification check the examiner will help the candidate with the fitting of the radio and earpiece.

While accompanying the candidate to the machine the examiner will explain how the test will be conducted and how the radio equipment works.

Note:

An exemption to this requirement exists for followers of the Sikh religion if they are wearing a turban.

At the end of the test

If you pass…

Once you pass your standard motorcycle test you are restricted to machines of 25 kW (33 bhp) with a power to weight ratio of 0.16 kW/kg for two years.

If you fail…

For More Details Download Free Pass Test Driving Theory Test Software at :

Download Now :

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Jane Grath is the webmaster of the site www.theory-test.co.uk and www.pass-test.co.uk where you can find latest DSA driving theory test questions which also offers 15 days trial for theroy test questions to download.

info@theory-test.co.uk

Test Efficiency of Differential-pressure Method And Equal- pressure Method

Garret — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 02:08:40 +0000

Abstract: this article analyses test duration of gas permeability test and concludes that system purge time should be included into test duration. At the same time, this article introduces the factors affecting transmitting equilibrium.
Keywords: gas permeability, test efficiency, system purge

Some people hold that equal-pressure method is superior to differential-pressure method in terms of test efficiency, which proves to be incorrect. Such opinion correlates with people’s misunderstanding about test duration and test efficiency of gas permeability testing. This article analyzes test efficiency of gas permeability testing based on the characteristics of the test. Based on current testing technology, this article also analyzes test efficiency of differential-pressure method and equal-pressure method.

1. How to Calculate Efficiency Of Gas Permeability Test

Test duration must be made clear before evaluating efficiency of specific test method. Differing from other physical testing, in addition to the state adjustment of specimen, gas permeability testers also require regulation time, which includes both warm up time of instruments and purge time of system. No matter what measures are adopted, the pollution of test cells and gases inside gas pipeline resulting from specimen attachment cannot be avoided. Gas impurity (non-test gas) will influence gas transmission process of specimen and in turn affects test results. Therefore, prior to gas transmission, gas impurity must be removed from test cells and gas pipeline.

How does system purge time relates with test duration? This problem is the root of people’s wrong opinion concerning efficiency of gas permeability test, i.e. having no explicit definition of test duration. Thus, whether purge time should be concluded into test duration has become random. For example, evacuation time of differential-pressure method is taken into account while purge time of equal-pressure method is excluded. Test duration of gas permeability test should include system purge time and the time to set up transmission equilibrium. Test efficiency should not be evaluated only by comparing test duration of equal-pressure method with the time sum of test duration and evacuation time of differential-pressure method.

1.1 Purge Time

Different test methods adopt different system purge modes. For example, in differential-pressure method, test cells and relevant pipeline are evacuated. In equal-pressure method, carrier gas with big flow is used to purge test cells and gas pipeline. Therefore, purge times of different methods vary. For differential-pressure method, system purge time is the evacuation period before transmission process begins. While for equal-pressure method, it is the purge time of carrier gas (generally nitrogen gas is used) to purge the whole test cells and gas pipeline before feeding test gas.

Long term tests have proved that in differential-pressure method, the volume of test cell is in direct proportion to evacuation period. Evacuation period is also specified in standards. It is specified in GB/T 1038 that evacuation should continue for three hours after the required vacuum degree is reached. It is clearly specified in equal-pressure method standards that purge time relates with material and thickness of specimen. Moreover, in ASTM D3985-05, purge time is divided into dehumidifying time and zero purge time. In many documents, it is stated that this time will in no way be short and is generally about the same as that is needed in differential-pressure method. Labthink has conducted research on reasonable system purge time during its development of equal-pressure method permeability testers. The study proves that oxygen concentration of inner system can be considered as extremely low when carrier gas has been diverted into the sensor and has kept purging for 24 hours. Such purge can secure ideal effect and accurate test results. It can be seen from previous analysis that for the majority of polymer materials, system purge time is longer than the time needed to set up transmission equilibrium.

To improve test efficiency, some people propose to shorten purge time. What influences will be brought by the gas impurity resulting from shorter purge time. Labthink set up a research subject in connection with shortening purge time. First, shorten the purge time of equal-pressure method and the evacuation period of differential-pressure method. Then compare the measured results with results obtained from standard test procedures. According to the comparison, in differential-pressure method, transmission equilibrium period demonstrates no obvious change with the shortening of evacuation time while test data appears an increase tendency. Tests of higher barrier materials are more obviously influenced than that of medium and lower barrier material. In equal-pressure method, shortened purge time prolongs the period to set up transmission equilibrium with obvious lower data repeatability. Reasons for the above situations are analyzed as follows: in differential pressure method, due to the influences of evacuation time, test cells and gas pipelines do not reach ideal purge effect due to the existing of gas impurity inside. Gas impurity affects transmission process of carrier gas and results in bigger test results with lower data stability. For equal-pressure method, shortened purge period results in incorrect zero point determination. In addition, the shortening of purge time makes some gas impurity exist inside system, which can only be taken away by later test gas. Therefore, the time needed to set up transmission equilibrium will be obviously increased. That is why shortening purge time cannot shorten the whole test duration.

1.2 Time Needed to Set up Transmission Equilibrium

The time needed to establish transmission equilibrium is the time used to test gas permeability of specimen, that is, from the procedure before permeance until the equilibrium of transmission. This time period depends on gas permeability of specimen. When the same kind of material is tested using differential-pressure method and equal-pressure method, the time needed to set up transmission equilibrium is very close. Generally, the principle below is followed: for low barrier material, a period of about two hours is needed. For medium barrier materials it is 2-6 hours and for high barrier materials, a period of 6 hours is usually needed.

In actual tests, transmission equilibrium should be determined according to certain conditions to provide test data. However, the time needed to set up transmission equilibrium is greatly affected by environmental factors, especially by temperature variation. The more severe the temperature variation is, the longer the time is needed to set up transmission equilibrium. Correspondingly, test data is lower in repeatability and accuracy. Such environmental variation will affect all methods of gas permeability testing and such affection will not change in different test methods. Therefore, instruments possessing temperature and humidity controlling functions are superior to instruments without such functions in terms of data repeatability and test efficiency.

2. Conclusion

Test efficiency of differential-pressure method instruments is on a par with that of equal-pressure method instruments both in aspects of test methods and in connection with specific tester. Differential-pressure method instruments can satisfy actual test requirements. It is not correct and not practical for some documents to say that test efficiency of equal-pressure method possesses higher test efficiency.

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Garret — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 11:06:19 +0000